Chepstow Castle

Chepstow Castle stands on a narrow ridge above limestone cliffs beside the River Wye in Monmouthshire, Wales. Built in 1067 by William FitzOsbern, it is the oldest surviving post-Roman stone fortification in Britain. The site overlooks an important river crossing used since prehistoric times. Originally called Striguil, it became known as Chepstow by the 14th century. The castle was the southernmost in a chain built along the Welsh Marches. The castle played a key role in the Norman conquest of Gwent, the first Welsh kingdom subdued. It was later held by powerful lords including William Marshal and Richard de Clare. By the 16th century its military use declined, though it was garrisoned again during the English Civil War. The ruins became a popular tourist destination in the 18th century, inspiring artists like J. M. W. Turner. Visitors today see four baileys added over centuries, showing the castle’s growth. The Great Tower, built by 1090, dominates the riverside approach. A later gatehouse and round towers reflect William Marshal’s 12th-century improvements. The landward side features Marten’s Tower, built by Roger Bigod in the 13th century. The castle’s ruins sit above the river, with views across the Wye valley.